NOT FOR PUBLICATION FILED UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS OCT 11 2017 MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK U.S. COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT KADEA ESSO SOLITOKI, No. 14-73430 Petitioner, Agency No. A078-438-284 v. MEMORANDUM* JEFFERSON B. SESSIONS III, Attorney General, Respondent. On Petition for Review of an Order of the Board of Immigration Appeals Submitted October 6, 2017** Pasadena, California Before: M. SMITH, MURGUIA, and NGUYEN, Circuit Judges. Kadea Esso Solitoki, a citizen of Togo, petitions for review of the Board of Immigration Appeals’ (“BIA”) decision dismissing his appeal of the Immigration Judge’s (“IJ”) decision finding him (1) removable under 8 U.S.C. § 1182(a)(7)(A)(i)(I), as an alien not in possession of a valid, unexpired * This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent except as provided by Ninth Circuit Rule 36-3. ** The panel unanimously concludes this case is suitable for decision without oral argument. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a)(2). visa; and (2) ineligible for special-rule cancellation of removal under the Violence Against Women Act (“VAWA”), 8 U.S.C. § 1229b(b)(2), as an alien who has been “battered or subjected to extreme cruelty” by his spouse. We have jurisdiction to review the BIA’s final order of removal and denial of § 1229b(b)(2) relief under 8 U.S.C. § 1252. See Hernandez v. Ashcroft, 345 F.3d 824, 835 (9th Cir. 2003). We review de novo the BIA’s legal determinations. Kyon Ho Shin v. Holder, 607 F.3d 1213, 1216 (9th Cir. 2010). Questions of fact, including the BIA’s decision that Solitoki was not subjected to extreme cruelty, are reviewed for substantial evidence. See Hernandez, 345 F.3d at 832, 837. 1. The IJ did not err in permitting DHS to amend the charge of removability during the final merits hearing of Solitoki’s removal proceedings. Under DHS regulations, DHS may lodge additional or substituted charges of removability at any time during removal proceedings, 8 C.F.R. § 1003.30, and Solitoki cites no authority to support his claim that the IJ’s questioning was otherwise improper. See Pangilinan v. Holder, 568 F.3d 708, 709 (9th Cir. 2009) (“[I]t is critical that the IJ scrupulously and conscientiously probe into, inquire of, and explore for all the relevant facts.”) (citation and internal quotation marks omitted). As Solitoki does not otherwise challenge the merits of the IJ’s finding that he is removable under 8 U.S.C. § 1182(a)(7)(A)(i)(I), we will deny the petition on this ground. 2. Substantial evidence supports the BIA’s conclusion that Solitoki failed to 2 show that he had been subjected to extreme cruelty for the purposes of 8 U.S.C. § 1229b(b)(2). Solitoki’s ex-wife left her daughter alone with Solitoki for long periods of time, used drugs, mocked Solitoki in public and private, threatened to withdraw her support for his lawful permanent resident application, spent his money, and destroyed his credit. Taken together, these actions do not constitute the type of extreme emotional abuse or manipulative control tactics that would compel a finding of “extreme cruelty.” See Hernandez, 345 F.3d at 840 (distinguishing the “extreme ...
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